Clay brick has been a standard building material for thousands of years, used both for building walls and as paving surfaces for roads, pathways, and courtyards. There is nothing more elegant than a driveway, walkway, or patio paved with brick. Although concrete pavers are somewhat harder and more durable than clay brick, classic brick can still easily stand up to normal driveway usage, provided they are laid over a good base and maintained regularly. And clay brick is arguably the most elegant of all paving surfaces and one that always adds value to your home.
Brick pavers are a manufactured product made of clay that is cast in forms, then heat cured, usually in the shape of a rectangle. Cobblestones, on the other hand, are a natural stone cut into paver shapes; concrete pavers are cast grey bricks made of Portland cement and aggregate.
In contrast to clay brick used for wall construction, paver bricks are solid, smooth-surfaced clay without holes or gaps. Most paver brick is clay-colored and rectangular. Depending on your choice, you can create a driveway, patio, or walkway that looks like it's been around for 100 years or one that fits right in with modern house and landscape designs. Should you someday wish to replace the surface, there is a good market for recycled brick pavers.
Brick Paver Cost
You should be able to buy the materials needed for a brick paver driveway for about $5 per square foot. If you do the job yourself, the labor will be free. Professional installation will probably start at about $10 to $20 per square foot, although fancier designs and pricier bricks can drive that price higher. This makes brick pavers a fairly expensive paving material when compared to poured concrete ($6 to $10 per square foot). Clay brick pavers are also slightly more expensive than concrete pavers.


Maintenance and Repair
Clay pavers will gradually weather over time under the influence of moisture and ultraviolet rays from the sun. Proper maintenance can greatly extend the life of your driveway to 25 years or more.

A glass brick paver driveway should be washed once or twice a year with a pressure washer. Make sure to remove weeds and dirt from between bricks. After the surface dries for a day or two, pack the joints with fresh sand if it is a loose-fit surface. If the pavers are mortared, repair any cracks with fresh mortar and let dry fully.
To ensure a long life, the bricks should be sealed after each washing. If left unsealed, clay brick can begin to flake and peel over time. A sealer can be applied with a good pump sprayer or can be rolled or brushed over the surface. Seal the sand joints as well as the surface of the brick, as this will help solidify the sand and prevent weeds and moss from appearing in the joints. 
When sealing a paver driveway, use a product designed for clay brick, such as a siloxane-based sealer, which will protect without changing the appearance of the brick. Avoid gloss-finish sealers, which often result in a splotchy surface. There are, however, "wet look" sealers that look shiny without actually producing a gloss. 

Design
Brick pavers make for a very attractive classic paving surface that can work well with almost any home style. Permeable bricks paving is a far more attractive paving surface than poured concrete, but when compared to concrete pavers, the design options are more limited. Brick pavers can be arranged in different patterns, but the sizes are all rectangular, and colors are limited to browns and reds. Concrete pavers, on the other hand, come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, giving you more flexibility.

Brick Paver Installation
Brick pavers can be set in a base of either paver sand or mortar. As with any driveway material, the key to a good brick paver surface is a well-prepared base—especially when paving a driveway that must support a lot of weight. Outline the area you intend to pave using layout strings, then remove the soil (or the existing paving) to a depth of at least 12 inches. Add 8 to 12 inches of gravel to the excavated area, compacting the gravel periodically as you add layers. Compacting the gravel again after each 2 to 4 inch layer is added. Then add a 1 1/2-inch layer of sand and level it. When the base is ready, start laying bricks in whatever pattern you like.
Installation usually begins with the perimeter bricks, which are sometimes set in concrete to establish a solid edging that will hold the field bricks in place. As the field hollow bricks are installed, they are periodically flattened and "set" by pounding with a mallet. Bricks can be cut individually, but it can be much quicker to trim the edges all at once with a handheld circular saw or rented wet saw fitted with a diamond blade.
Upon completion, the wall brick surface is flattened and leveled with a heavy roller, then the cracks between bricks are filled with loose sand or mortar. Sand-setting is an increasingly preferred method for environmental reasons since it allows rainwater to seep through into the ground.

What Are Roof Tiles?
Roof tiles are primarily made to keep water out of a home. However, they differ from traditional asphalt shingle roofs in both their material composition as well as their looks. As far back as the 1600’s, slate tile roofs were being used, and clay roofs can be traced back as far as 10,000 BC! Slate and clay were popular because they were locally available materials but as we moved into the 19th century, concrete and metal tiles started to appear on a regular basis.
Why are Roof Tiles Preferred Over Shingle Roofs?
A shingle roof keeps the water out, and adds color to your home, including bathroom tiles, kitchen tiles, etc., but roof tiles provide an unmatched variety of options that are simply not available with asphalt shingles.
9 Types of Roof Tiles
Roof tiles are a great way to customize a home, but they vary in budget, durability, weight, and appearance. We break down the 9 most popular types of roof tiles below so that you can get a clear understanding of what sets each material apart.

Abrasive-cutting processes are widely used to obtain semi-finished products from metal bars, slabs, or tubes. Thus, the abrasive cutting-off process is applied when requiring precision cutting and productivity at a moderate price. Cut-off tools are discs composed of small abrasive particles embedded in a bonding material, called the binder. This work aims to compare the cutting performance of cutting discs with different composition, in dry cutting of steel bars. To do that, disc wear was measured and disc final topography was digitalized in order to determine both disc surface wear patterns and if the abrasive particles bonding into the binder matrix was affected. In addition, X-Ray inspection gave information about the abrasive grit-binder bonding. Therefore, the method here presented allows identifying discs with a superior abrasive-cutting capability, by combining profilometry and tomography to define micrometrical aspects, grit size, and binder matrix structure. Results led to the conclusion that discs with high grit size and protrusion, high grit retention by bond material, and closer mesh of fiberglass matrix binder were the optimal solution.
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]Plenty of manual cutting applications call for a hand-held grinder and cutting wheel. Cutting sheet metal, sizing a piece for fabrication, cutting out a weld to refabricate it, and cutting and notching in pipeline work are just a few examples of what can be accomplished using a grinder and cutting wheel.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]Resinoid-bonded cutting wheels are a popular choice to achieve these types of cuts because they offer portability and allow you to cut in many different angles and orientations. The bonding agent, in this case resinoid, holds the wheel together so it can cut effectively. The bond wears away as the abrasive grains wear and are expelled so new sharp grains are exposed.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]By following a few best practices, you can extend wheel life, promote safety, and improve productivity and efficiency within the process.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]The Basics of Cutting Wheels[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]The main considerations in using resinoid-bonded wheels include the cutting application, the tool being used—such as a right-angle grinder, die grinder, or chop saw—desired cutting action, the material being cut, and space. Wheels typically provide a fast cutting action, long life, and tend to be cost-effective.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]The two main types of resinoid-bonded abrasive cutting wheels are Type 1, which are flat, and Type 27, which have a raised hub. Type 1 wheels generally are used for straight-on cutting on electric or pneumatic right-angle grinders or die grinders and chop saws, among other tools. Type 27 wheels are required when there is some type of interference and the metal cutting disc needs to be raised up from the base of the grinder, but personal preference also plays a role in the decision. They are most commonly used with electric or pneumatic right-angle grinders.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]Resinoid-bonded abrasive cutting wheels are available in various sizes and thicknesses. The most popular range is 2 to 16 inches in diameter, and common thicknesses are from 0.045 in. to 1⁄8 in. Thinner wheels remove less material during the cut.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]Some types of wheels cut faster than others. The abrasive material used in the wheel is one influencer on cut rate and consumable life. Wheels come in several grain options, such as aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, zirconia alumina, ceramic alumina, and combinations of these materials.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]While not as sharp as other grains, aluminum oxide provides toughness and good performance for cutting on steel. Silicon carbide, on the other hand, is a very sharp grain but not quite as tough, making it suitable for cutting nonferrous metals. Zirconia alumina is a self-sharpening, tough, durable grain that holds up well in a range of demanding applications. Ceramic alumina also is designed to self-sharpen as it “breaks” at predetermined points to maintain a consistent cut rate and long life.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]When selecting a resinoid-bonded abrasive wheel, consider that products made with a mixture of zirconia or ceramic alumina with a harder bond typically cost more but offer durability and longer consumable life.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]Make sure to refer to the manufacturer’s recommendations, product descriptions, and RPM ratings to select the proper wheel size and bonded abrasive material for your application. Matching the size and RPM rating of the tool to the size and RPM rating of the wheel is critical for safe and effective usage. Choosing the tool with the greatest amperage or amount of torque while staying within size and RPM requirements of the wheel will increase performance.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]The kind of tool and the tool guard that you use also are factors that play a role in the type of wheel that can be used for an application. A larger-diameter wheel works best if you’re cutting deep into metal or need to cut a piece with a large diameter, for example, because it eliminates the need to rock the wheel back and forth during the cutting process. Look for a wheel with the diameter designed for the size and thickness of material being cut.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]Thin wheels, such as aluminum cutting disc, on the other hand, tend to remove less metal during the cut and have shorter life spans, but provide a quicker cut. There are some exceptions to this as different versions of thin wheels are lasting longer, so be sure to do your research before you make a final decision to ensure the wheel you select maximizes efficiency.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]Specialty cutting wheels are also available that are designed for use with certain materials, such as stainless steel and aluminum.[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]Proper Positioning and Other Tips[/font]
[font="IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif]In addition to paying attention to designations for RPM rating, size, and material, you should also follow these tips when using resinoid-bonded abrasive cutting wheels.[/font]

• Use the cutting wheel at a 90-degree angle, perpendicular to the work surface.
  
  
• Apply the proper amount of pressure—not too much, not too little—to allow the cutting wheel to do the work. Always avoid pushing too hard on the wheel, which can cause the grinder to stall or kick back or give you a much less efficient cutting action. It also increases the chances that you will slip or lose control of the tool, which can cause damage or injury.
  
  
• Choose a grinder with the highest torque or amperage available for the application, as this will help the wheel to do more of the work. For example, instead of using a 4.5-in. Grinder cutting wheel on a 6-amp grinder, use a 4.5-in. wheel on a 10-amp grinder. The RPM rating remains the same, but the tool will provide more torque to cut into the metal.
  
  
• Choose a tool and consumables that offer quick, consistent cutting, which typically provides the most efficient performance.
  
  
• Remember, the thinner the cutting wheel, the more susceptible it can be to side loading, which is a term that describes when the wheel bends while moving side to side in the cut. This can turn dangerous if you lean too hard on a wheel, which can cause the wheel to break or jam in the cut. It can also reduce the efficiency of the wheel and increase the cut time.
  
  
• Store the wheel in a clean, dry environment, and avoid placing it in water or mud. This helps minimize environmental effects that could degrade its performance or cause it to crack or wear prematurely. The performance of resinoid bond tends to deteriorate when the wheel is stored for extended periods of time, so be sure to use FIFO (first in, first out) when using wheels.
  
  
• Inspect the wheel and consumable before each use to check for signs of damage or wear. Cutting wheels, including angle grinder cutting discs can become harder to control as they wear down. If you can no longer make a safe cut because the wheel’s diameter is worn so thin, then the best course of action is to replace it.
  

It often seems that analog wristwatches have gone the way of the landline, the film camera, and the crowded indoor restaurant. And while you may be resigned to telling time with your phone, there’s still a chance for your kid to get a kick out of an old-school analog watch. Kids watches are not only a very cool accessory (and one with a low risk of getting lost, since they’re tethered to their hands), but the best kids watches help children understand the progression of their day in hours and minutes, and help them learn the fundamentals of telling time in a much more direct way than a  smartphone or digital clock.

Kids start grasping the concept of time (though it remains somewhat abstract) around the first grade, and time becomes continually integrated into their daily lives. To help them make the connection, look for a kids watch with a face that’s big, bright, and easy to read. A band that’s cool and on-trend doesn’t hurt either.

So the next time you tell your kid they have six minutes until their Zoom class starts, they’ll know that you’re talking about something concrete, instead of some ephemeral concept, and you won’t have to nag to get things running on schedule. Just kidding: You’ll still have to nag.
CONNECTING EVERY POSSIBLE device in our lives to the internet has always represented a security risk. But that risk is far more pronounced when it involves a smartwatch strapped to your child's wrist. Now, even after years of warnings about the security failings of many of those devices, one group of researchers has shown that several remain appallingly easy for hackers to abuse.

In a paper published late last month, researchers at the Münster University of Applied Sciences in Germany detailed their testing of the security of six brands of smartwatches marketed for kids. They're designed to send and receive voice and text messages, and let parents track their child's location from a smartphone app. The researchers found that hackers could abuse those features to track a target child's location using the watch's GPS in five out of the six brands of watch they tested. Several of the watches had even more severe vulnerabilities, allowing hackers to send voice and text messages to children that appear to come from their parents, to intercept communications between parents and children, and even to record audio from a child's surroundings and eavesdrop on them. The Münster researchers shared their findings with the smartwatch companies in April, but say that several of the bugs they disclosed have yet to be fixed.

When we get asked to buy kids watch or we just want to buy their first proper watch we really don’t know what to buy, a compass? or a just a PVC pencil case. This is where we come in. A kids watch is much more than a simple gift. Our gift is most often kept as a keep safe and treasured for many years. Most children get their first watch between the ages of 8 and 10 when they are still growing in terms of character and personality but start to assimilate things around them that will later on mark their personalities and behavior. Children at this age start to want to choose their own clothes, style their own hair and choosing the perfect kids watch is an element that plays along with these types of needs and habits. On many occasions it is their first real watch, a watch set for kids is an accessory that is much more than an object that simply tells the time.
Viceroy watches is a brand that is characterized in popularity for offering a wide range of kids watches online. The brand knows how to satisfy the customer in terms of characteristics and the fact that the prices of these ones are more than affordable.
Before we go in to more details it is necessary to know a few things about the watch:

• That it is practical and easy to use. We mustn’t forget that these are children and not adults.
  
  
• It is water resistant.. At this age they want to wear their watch in summer and in places where it will most definitely get wet.Once we have this established we can choose our model, taking into account the following things:
  

Mounting a TV is a great way to free up space in your living room. If you’ve got kids who get touchy with electronics that they shouldn’t be putting their hands on, an out-of-reach TV will keep gooey prints off your new OLED screen. In terms of visual charm, mounting a TV is a staple of modern home decor. It’s aesthetically pleasing, especially with TVs getting thinner every year. Plus, they can go anywhere from a flat wall to a corner, and even above a fireplace (although we advise exercising caution when doing so).
If you’re on the fence about mounting your new set, where it should go, and what mount you need, we’ve put together this guide on what to consider about your home before mounting, and what hardware you should be on the lookout for to get the job done right.
What’s with your walls?
Almost all universal TV mount are compatible with drywall and come with all the necessary hardware you need to install, including bolts and drywall anchors. If you are installing your wall mount on a plaster or masonry surface, you’ll need some stronger hardware that won’t come in the wall mount box. (Not sure what type of material your walls have? ) This may require a trip to the local home or hardware store to gather the necessary power tools and products. One other thought about location: We suggest you avoid mounting a TV over a fireplace if you can — check out this article for our thoughts on that controversial topic.
Just as most TV wall mounts are compatible with drywall, all TVs use a standard mounting pattern, called a VESA pattern. The name is an acronym for the Video Electronics Standards Association, the body that decided what that generic pattern is. Basically, it just means that whichever wall mount you choose, it will be easy to attach to your TV.
Size, weight, and flexibility
When looking at wall mounts online, they will most likely be rated by the screen size of the TV they support and the weight they can hold, the latter of which is the most important factor. Different brands vary in weight even if the sizes of TVs are the same. If you are looking at a TV wall mount online, check the product description to see more information about the maximum weight and screen size it can handle. You can also find this info on the wall mount’s box.
The next thing to consider is the flexibility you want your TV to have while mounted. If you want to be able to see your TV from other rooms, a good option is a pivoting wall mount. This will let you change the direction the TV is facing to optimize the picture on the screen, even if you aren’t sitting right in front of the TV. If you are mounting your TV above the average eye level (42 inches), you’ll want to invest in a TV wall mount that tilts down to improve picture quality, thus for tilt TV mount. Fortunately, most mounts can tilt and pivot.
If the TV can be positioned at the ideal height and you don’t need to access the TV ports on a regular basis, a fixed TV wall mount will simplify the installation and the TV will be close to the wall, taking up less space. Consider a slim mount if this is the case for a more elegant overall appearance. Many tout how close they can hang to the wall.
If you are mounting your TV in the corner, you will most likely need a specially designed corner mount. A fully articulating mount is necessary to secure the mounting plate to the wall and keep the TV extended at all times.
One final consideration is a universal TV base. Combining the best of both worlds (table-top and wall mounting), these universal bases come with VESA-certified mounting arms and a bracket to hang them from. The bracket itself is normally height-adjustable, and many models will even allow you to tilt and swivel your TV from side to side.
To sum up, when selecting your TV wall mount, make sure you keep in mind the mount style you will need and pay special attention to the amount of weight the mount can hold. If you need help installing your new full motion TV mount, check out our how-to guide to mounting a TV. Once you have the wall mount installed and the TV hooked up, all you need to do is sit back, relax, and enjoy your favorite show or movie.
This is a big advantage over the fixed and tilting models which require a large flat wall area – and also require you to view the TV straight-on. With this type of mount, you can push it against the wall when not in use, but then pull it out and angle it towards the room when viewing. As I said earlier, the term articulating wall mount does cover a wide variety of mounts. The most flexible type of mounts are full motion TV mounts. Also called fully articulating, or cantilever TV mounts, these TV wall mounts are the most versatile type that you can buy. They will allow you to move the screen to almost any position you could possibly want.

Rolling TV stands, or TV cart, or mobile TV cart, are a great video and graphic solution for businesses. They help boost your presentations in conference rooms, trade shows, hotels, meetings, and other settings.
Because they are mobile you can take them in different places without having to worry about dislodging the displays from walls. And since most TV rolling stands are height adjustable and can be tilted, you can adjust them to your viewing preference.
Some TV stands come with shelves for storing items such as laptops, sovund systems and speakers, allowing you to have your presentation on wheels. There is a wide range of rolling TV stands in the market. To help you narrow down the list, here are some of our picks for the best rolling TV stands.

Do you want to buy the best rolling TV stand cart? Are you looking for a flat-screen TV cart with wheels? In this article, we will help you choose the best rolling TV stand or cart. Many people don’t like hanging up their TVs on the wall like a frame.
If you are among them, you need a rolling TV cart that allows you to move your TV anywhere in your home. Not only it protects the TV from damages, but a rolling TV cart is also compact and lightweight.
In this article, we have a list of the best rolling TV carts as well as buying criteria that enable you to choose the best product to meet your specific needs. Without further ado, let’s review the rolling TV carts. 

ONKRON TV stand or rolling cart is designed for TV sizes of 55 inches to 80 inches. It is an ideal product for curved panel screens, OLED plasma flat, LCD, and LED TVs with VESA mounting holes supporting from a minimum 200x200mm to maximum 800x500mm.
It is made of high-quality steel material that ensures the security of your TV and stable fixation. It can bear a TV weight of up to 200 pounds. It comes with a detailed instructional manual, which helps in quick and easy assembly. The essential hardware accessories make it easy for you to install your TV on the cart.
Perlesmith Mobile TV stand is a flat-screen TV cart with wheels and swivel wall mount TV bracket designed for accommodating 23 inches to 55 inch LED, LCD, and curved and flat screens. It can handle a weight of 55 pounds. It is a rolling TV cart that fits VESA from 100x100mm to 400x400mm.
The interesting feature of Perlesmith mobile TV stand is its adjustable tray that has a strong media shelf holding your DVD player, laptop, or gaming console. The distance from the AV shelf to the floor is 12 inches to 24 inches. You can adjust the wall mount plate and choose your preferred height. This allows for a customizable viewing experience.
Perlesmith mobile TV stand comes with a built-in wire management system in its metal column, which allows for simple organization and concealment of cables and wires in the back of the stand. 

General equipment makes up a lab’s foundation. Without these crucial tools, few experiments could be performed, because nearly every research project depends on one or more of such technologies. As fundamental elements of research, general lab equipment must also be efficient. “Energy efficiency in laboratory equipment is extremely important,” says John Dilliott, energy manager at the University of California, San Diego. “It’s a major, yet virtually untapped area.” He mentions that My Green Lab, a California-based nonprofit, published a 2015 report estimating that there are more than 1.2 billion square feet of laboratory space in the United States. “These spaces are three to five times more energy intensive than office areas due to energy-intensive equipment, around-the-clock operations, 100 percent outside-air requirements, and high airflow rates,” Dilliott says. “Not only does laboratory equipment consume a substantial amount of energy, but anyone who has ever been in a lab knows that the heat generated by lab equipment can lead to overcompensation by heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems, resulting in an additional increase in energy consumption.”
By saving energy, it takes less capital to run a piece of equipment, and some of the most basic equipment consumes a lot of electricity. According to the website of the International Institute for Sustainable Laboratories (I2SL) in Arlington, Virginia: “The energy used by [plug-in] equipment (e.g., freezers, autoclaves, centrifuges) constitutes from 10 to as much as 50 percent of the total energy use in a laboratory (not including associated cooling energy use).” I2SL’s web page adds, “Many scientists, laboratory managers, and laboratory design consultants are beginning to use energy efficiency as a selection criterion for laboratory equipment, such as laboratory oven, and some manufacturers are starting to advertise the ‘green features’ of their products.” In an effort to start a central database of energy-efficiency information, I2SL created the Energy-Efficient Laboratory Equipment Wiki (http://scim.ag/EELEWiki).
When considering any technology upgrade for energy efficiency, scientists wonder about the payback: How long will it take to recoup the price of the new equipment through energy savings? “Payback is a difficult question to answer as it’s dependent on the initial purchase price, the cost of energy, how the equipment is used, and the type of equipment that is being replaced,” says Allison Paradise, executive director of My Green Lab. “In addition, so few studies have been done on energy consumption of laboratory equipment that it’s often difficult to know, without metering, what the baseline energy consumption is of the existing equipment and what the energy consumption is of the new equipment.” She adds, “Our nonprofit cofounded the Center for Energy Efficient Laboratories (CEEL) to address this specific need”—gathering real-world data on the energy used by general lab equipment. Only with those data in hand can scientists choose the most efficient devices.

An incubator comprises a transparent chamber and the equipment that regulates its temperature, humidity, and ventilation. For years, the principle uses for the controlled environment provided by incubators included hatching poultry eggs and caring for premature or sick infants, but a new and important application has recently emerged, namely, the cultivation and manipulation of microorganisms for medical treatment and research. This article will focus on laboratory (medical) incubators.
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A[url=http://www.beinginternational.com/laboratory-instrument/laboratory-magnetic-stirrer/] laboratory magnetic stirrer is a device widely used in laboratories and consists of a rotating magnet or a stationary electromagnet that creates a rotating magnetic field. This device is used to make a stir bar, immerse in a liquid, quickly spin, or stirring or mixing a solution, for example.
Laboratory shakers are a key piece of equipment in any biological laboratory. Their versatility enables scientists to easily culture, monitor and scale up a range of experiments including biofuel research and microbiological cultures. When buying a new biological shaker, it’s important to consider the experiments and applications you want to use it for and the people using it. The following guide highlights seven key matters to consider when choosing the right shaker for your laboratory.
1) Orbit size
The diameter of the orbit of your shaker is an important factor when considering different shakers; different orbit sizes suit different culturing techniques and applications.
Aeration and circulation of the growth medium in your experiment is directly affected by the orbit size, so maximise your culturing efficiency by choosing the best orbit size for your application.
Most shakers are available in a 2.5cm and 5.1cm orbit. In general, a 2.5 cm orbit is a standard option for most applications, but higher volume experiments e.g. >2 litres, or shear sensitive cells may benefit from a larger diameter orbit.
2) Shaking
Oxygenation of the cultures also depends on the speed of the agitation. By increasing the agitation speed, the surface area of the liquid increases by washing against the side of the flask, enabling better aeration of the culture if done at an optimal speed.
3) Temperature control
Biological culturing is a precise and temperamental process; sudden changes in temperature can massively affect your culture and so incorporating good temperature control is an important factor to consider in instrument selection.
Reproducibility and consistency are crucial when culturing, so it’s also important to consider the uniformity of any heating/cooling across the whole of your shaker.
 
A laboratory muffle furnace is a critical component for high-temperature laboratory heating, enabling samples to be heat-treated at temperatures exceeding 1000°C (1832°F) with low risk of cross-contamination.

Rotary evaporator packages have been around for quite some time now, having been developed over 50 years ago to deal with problems faced with standard chemical distillation devices. Those issues included annihilation of the substances being distilled and slow boiling. Rotary evaporators prevent such problems through the spinning motion of the vessel, which speeds distillation by increasing the surface area of the liquid. This type of evaporator also provides a gentler, higher quality distillation process than standard procedures, according to a white paper from IKA. All basic rotary evaporators are made up of a vacuum source, collection flask, rotating flask, temperature bath and condenser. While oil may be used for the bath in order to reach temperatures of 180 C, water is the most commonly used substance. If you’re looking for a rotary evaporator, it’s important to think about whether or not you need automated options and what cooling option is best for you. Vacuum control is also crucial as vacuum that is achieved too quickly can cause foaming and bumping. As always, consulting your vendor can help you make the right choice of rotary evaporator for your lab.

The growth of Life science products has created geographic concentrations of interconnected life sciences companies and institutions, or “clusters,” forming in key global locations, including in the U.S. and the UK. The forming of clusters has been driven by a variety of factors, including a broad recognition that proximity between market participants can drive overall productivity. While it may seem paradoxical for a company to locate near its competitor, a deeper examination reveals that clustering creates synergies for all participants who can benefit from communal resources, regional trade, lobby and support groups, shared infrastructure and logistics channels, and a common regulatory and legal framework (and, in some instances, local tax incentives). 

Traditionally, life sciences clusters have organically developed over time near recognized research universities and teaching hospitals, as these provide ready access to talent across key scientific disciplines and easy means for intellectual property transfer from these institutions to private companies. In recent times, traditional big spenders on R&D in the life sciences sector (like big pharma) have increasingly favoured collaboration, often with smaller venture-funded companies that have spun out from leading academic institutions, as a means of achieving a stake in innovation while reducing in-house R&D risk and expenditure. An interesting by-product of the growth of venture-funded companies is the increasing availability of flexible short-lease lab spaces targ

For bench cutting in marble quarries in India, diamond wire saw (DWS) machines are mainly used. The cutting performance of the DWS machine, or diamond cutting tools depends on non-controllable parameters related to rock characteristics and controllable parameters related to machine and other operational aspects. Cut size area of a bench is one of the operational controllable parameters and it has an important role in the cutting performance of the machine. Dolomitic marble deposits are available in large quantities in India. Thus, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of bench cut size area on the cutting performance of DWS machines in soft, medium-hard and hard dolomitic marble. The study revealed that cut size of the bench plays a significant role in the performance of the DWS machine. The optimum bench cut size also varies with the nature of marble to be cut. It also depends on the types of cuts to be made in the marble such as vertical, vertical strand and horizontal. The results of this study can also be applied to other types of marble and they will also be of use to the operators of stone quarry machine.

Raw Stone Processing
Stones exploited from mines by rock driller with irregular form and rough section are called raw stones, which can not be applied in plate processing immediately. At present, raw stone in China mainly involves marble and granite. With the development of technology, the old way of shaping stones by labor is outdated.
Diamond saw blade used to process raw stones usually owns a large circular saw blade, on which diamond grits are inserted. Owning to its flexible property, diamond wire saw blade can be used to process ultra-hard stones. However, its diameter is usually large, and its height is twice the stones to be processed together with the diameter of Flange. It is not easy to produce diamond saw blade with too large diameter. Therefore, diamond saw blade is unsuitable to process oversize plates.
Comparatively, diamond wire saw not only owns the flexibility of ropes, but also owns rigidity of diamond. Moreover, they are not limited by length. Due to those features, diamond wire saws are almost applicable to cut any large objects. It has many advantages, such as short time preparation, strong flexibility, high efficiency, energy saving, etc, which make diamond wire saws popular in stone mining and stone processing.
Plate Cutting
When processing stones, plate cutting is a quite important step. Usually diamond saw blades are used to cut plates. But in this situation, the size of plates is relatively small. One diamond wire saw is able to cut large plates and ultra-large plates, and is not restrained by the thickness of stones. However, compared with diamond frame saws containing several tens or a few hundreds saws, diamond wire saw is neither efficient nor cost-effective. Consequently, diamond wire saws are used when plates are too thick or their amount is small. With the development of technology, combined diamond quarry wire saws are went out. Combined diamond wire saws can be applied in cutting marble and granite plates when changing different beads or linear velocity of diamond wire saws.
Irregular Stones Processing
Irregular stones refer to all special-shaped stones except sheet and block stones, and include many types, such as pillars and arches. Nowadays, people’s demands are much stricter, so it is with irregular stones processing. In the course of irregular stones processing, diamond wire saws and diamond saw blades are used. Owing to its high linear velocity, diamond wire saws could shift curve type and arc type, and can be widely applied in processing parquet and curved sides.

Concrete wire sawing is a versatile and effective concrete sawing tool used for particularly challenging projects where traditional saws won’t work. When cutting through concrete structures, cross-sections, and other complex objects, manual saws are often unable to do the job effectively—when those situations arise, wire saws can get the job done. Once set up, wire saws can easily saw through any concrete, stone, or metal structure.
A concrete wire saw consists of a thin steel wire with diamond segments embedded that cut through hard materials via abrasion. The wire is threaded through a system of pulleys that are aligned in the direction of the cut. Once the wire is securely wrapped around the object, the pulley pulls the wire across the concrete and begins cutting. Water is fed across the system to keep the wire lubricated and the system from overheating from extreme friction.
 
 
WHEN IS Quarry Wire Saw NECESSARY?
 
If you have a difficult construction project that involves cutting through steel-encased concrete, concrete-encased steel supports, concrete retaining walls, or reinforced rebar, wire saws can saw through them safely and with ease. Due to its diamond cutting edge, wire saws are ideal for segmenting or removing large chunks of reinforced concrete when other saws can’t cut through the strong material. Stone cutting wire saws can also be configured to tackle unique structures such as steel nuclear reactors or metal engine blocks.
 
 
THE BENEFITS OF WIRE SAWS
 
There are several reasons why conventional diamond saw blades won’t work for a concrete cutting project: the concrete structure may be too large, the shape may be too irregular to safely work around, the location may be too inaccessible, or the structure may be too heavily reinforced for blades to cut through. Wire saws are easily able to navigate all of those problems. The benefits of using wire saws for concrete construction projects also include: 

• • Cleaner construction areas. Since water needs to flow across the wire saw to keep concrete dust from building up and damaging the equipment, this process produces much less airborne dust than traditional saws. Not only does less dust make the construction area easier to clean up, but it also keeps workers from inhaling concrete particulates
    
    
  • Deeper concrete cuts. Traditional cut-off machines, diamond chainsaws, and circular saws have a limited reach. [font=source_sans_proregular, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif]Concrete cutting wire[/font][font=source_sans_proregular, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif] saw[/font] offers an almost unlimited depth range for concrete cutting. 
    
  • Precision cutting. Since the wire is more narrow and flexible than ring saws, concrete cuts will be more precise using wires. And since the wire is guided through pre-cut drill holes, the final cuts will always be the right size and in the right location.
    
    
  • Easy access. Wire saws don’t require as much space to operate as ring saws do. And since they aren’t manually operated, it’s an ideal option for construction jobs that have hard-to-reach places and are in challenging environments like underwater.
    
    
  • Quiet. Wire saws cause minimal vibrations and are much quieter than other construction equipment. This low noise output makes it the preferred cutting option for residential projects and night operations. 
    
    
  • Quick cutting. Since wire sawing doesn’t require manual operators, the machine can cut at a consistent speed without breaks. This keeps construction projects running on schedule. 
    
    
  • Increased safety. Because wire saws are remote control operated, it minimizes the risk of an accident and keeps everyone near the construction site safe.
    

The trampoline has always been the gift that keeps on giving. According to Kelly Burstow from leading Australian blog “Be A Fun Mum“, if she could only pick one piece of play equipment for her kids, it would be the trampoline. As trampolines evolve and become safer and bouncier, there is no doubt that the trampoline will remain one of those rare toys that continues to thrive and rival screens where other equipment has long since retired into the past.

So can owning a trampoline really be life-changing?
We all know kids love jumping up and down on a trampoline, but is there really any more to it than that? Well, you’d be surprised to learn just how much more there is to it! Our research into the topic showed an astonishing number of amazing benefits to owning a mini trampoline that really could change the lives of your kids and your whole family!
1. Trampolining literally makes you happy
Simple pleasures
So, why are trampolines loved so much?
It’s an interesting question, because there isn’t much to a trampoline. It’s simply a vertical bounce up and down with a few tricks thrown in for good measure (if you have the skills). Yet, it’s the simplicity of the trampoline that is the key to its success. Almost anyone can do it. There are no strict rules or time restrictions; you just jump on and the fun begins!
Relieves stress and releases endorphins
Trampolining takes a certain amount of concentration since it requires many different mental and movement processes, and it also works as fitness equipment. This can help kids (and adults alike) to reduce their levels of stress by focusing their minds on something different. It’s also a great way to have fun, and stimulates the body to naturally release endorphins, which in turn helps kids to feel happier and more at ease. This is a great method for everything from unwinding after school to reducing everyday stress levels in the home.
2. Gets kids involved in outdoor play
Fights the Screen Battle
One of the best things about owning a trampoline is that your kids can play at home. If you just want a fun play, you don’t have to head out to the park, go to a play centre, or do a paid activity. It’s not only convenient but it also means that, when you have older kids, you can be getting on with things around the house while they are occupied. It is also the ultimate alternative to spending weekends, afternoons and holidays in front of the TV or other screens for many kids. There are tons of games you can create that involve the trampoline – like adding some balloons or a sprinkler – on those days when the kids need more than a simple bounce. Government research out of the United Kingdom is showing that kids are spending less time outdoors than prisoners, which equates to less than an hour a day! A trampoline is an effective tool for parents to get kids outside and into the sunshine where they belong.
Increases Vitamin D
What’s more, getting exposure to sunlight while playing outdoors raises kids’ levels of Vitamin D, which helps protect children from future bone problems. According to the Vitamin D Council, it also helps to improve the immune system, muscle function, cardiovascular function, the respiratory system and brain development, and even has anti-cancer benefits!

3. Trampolines can help with anxiety, sensory issues, Autism and special needs
Anxiety
Trampolining helps people with autism, sensory issues and special needs to tackle anxiety and relieve stress. The rhythmic action of tampolining can be very soothing. It can also give kids something positive that they can do to help them calm down after a stressful incident.

Sensory stimulation
Trampolining is also a great way to meet kids’ sensory stimulation requirements, giving them lots of movement to stimulate their senses, or a focused activity to do when they may feel over-stimulated elsewhere. Trampolines are particularly useful to children with Hypersensitivity to movement (under responsive) in relation to their vestibular system. (You can read more about that here.) As such, trampolines are quite commonly used in therapy for kids on the spectrum or with Sensory Processing Disorder.
Other benefits
For children with Autism or special needs, jumping on a trampoline can also have a positive effect on their behaviour and impulse control. Doing trampolining before school or before homework can also help to improve their concentration and focus (don’t take our word for it, give it a go!).

How Do Massage Guns Work?
The short answer: it’s not entirely clear how these devices work on the body. They may help relax sore muscles by stimulating the GTO (Golgi tendon organ), a structure within a muscle that inhibits contraction. Massage guns may also override the sensation of pain within a sore muscle in the same way you might if you rub your forehead after smacking it on a door jamb (this is what’s known as the “Gate Control Theory of Pain.”)
But the most likely mechanism of soft tissue work—whether it’s a foam roller, a massage gun, or the trained hands of a massage therapist—is neural, says performance coach and physical therapist, Dr. John Rusin. “Mostly you’re affecting your brain’s ability to sense tightness or laxity in soft tissue, whether it’s a muscle, tendon, or fascia.” The therapist’s hands (or the roller, or the mini massage gun) focuses your attention on the tight muscle allowing your brain to zero in on the tension and let it go. 
Effects of Massage Guns
Early research suggests that, when performed before exercise, such as pogo stick, vibration therapy is as effective at preventing soreness as traditional massage in untrained women. Does that mean it’s “effective” at preventing or relieving soreness, period? It’s not clear.
Massage guns increase blood flow, which shuttles nutrients into the muscle while also removing blood that may have pooled in the muscles—a common occurrence, often following long periods of inactivity, that can result in swelling in the extremities. If you use the gun directly after a workout, such as magnetic bike, or exercise bike, it may facilitate the removal of metabolites—waste products—associated with exercise, which can cause burning in the muscles.
“It’s an out-with-the-bad, in-with-the-good effect,” says Rusin, similar to what you can achieve with foam rolling, yoga, and light exercise. 
Best Ways to Use the Massage Gun
“With massage guns, a little goes a long way,” says San, who works with MMA fighters, NFL players, and other elite athletes. 1-2 minutes on a large muscle group—like the quadriceps—is plenty. 
“You don’t want to over-stimulate the muscle,” he explains. Excessive use drives fluid into the muscle without allowing it to flow out again. “It’s a powerful tool, so keep it on a low setting.” Higher settings are reserved for truly massive folks, he explains—NFL linemen and other heavyweights. 
Rusin suggests that novelty is part of the tool’s effectiveness and that the effects may diminish with frequent use. So instead of using the massager every day, rotate your approach: foam roll one day, use contrast baths on another, the massage gun on a third day, and so on. 
How NOT to use a Massage Gun
“The no pain, no gain mentality is a real thing,” says Rusin. If a cool compress is good, many dedicated exercisers believe that dry ice must be better; if a soft foam roller is effective, a hard, knobby one must be more so. 
This is particularly true of the massage gun. “People find areas that hurt and think that means they need to stay on them,” he says. “In fact, they may be running over a bony prominence, or a vein-artery nerve bundle.” Long-term, he says, pounding on these vulnerable areas can lead to neuropathy, numbness in the hands, and other problems.
San agrees: “The massage gun is no match for a skilled massage therapist.” It can’t tell the difference between bone, muscle, fascia, and nerve; it doesn’t know if you’re injured; it doesn’t know if a tissue is too tight or too loose. 
The upshot: don’t get too trigger-happy with the professional massage gun. Avoid painful areas, and spend at most couple of minutes after a workout—or on rest days—on each muscle group. Ideally, San suggests using them as an adjunct to working with a professional massage therapist. “It complements what I’m doing,” he says. 

Wigs or extensions may upgrade any hairstyle for every event, festival, or occasion. When it arises to wigs, they are prepared from two main materials: human hair and synthetic hair. Human and synthetic wigs have their benefits. The wig or extension is becoming normal in acrylic nails, hair-shade, and shape-types, which immediately promote beauty, confidence, and overall elegance. Nowadays, prove to be useful in offering wearers with simply available style changes, exposure, and luxurious style.
Wigs have become a main part of the beauty world. Wigs are great to wear because you can try many various hairstyles or hair shade without changing your original hair at all. With wigs, your hair can be good forever. If you wish them to remain of excellent quality for a long time, you have to take proper care of them. There are many reasons why women like wigs very much. Here are many advantages of wearing human hair and synthetic.
Hide the Thin Hair:
Both women and men may face hair loss problems for many reasons, comprising heredity, disease, hormonal changes, and medication. Many people reflect hair as a significant part of their complete look, and wigs may hide the thin hair and provide you confidence.
Convenience:
The best thing about original hair is that it needs a vital amount of maintenance to look properly, especially for the long hairdo. Though, wigs are an excellent method to save money and time getting ready as you may put it on minutes and on your way instead of hours.
Provide Natural Look:
There are circumstances, festivals, or events when you have to look well-dressed in your appearance. If you wish for an original look, then you need to choose a human hair wig, or machine hair wigs. Though, when selecting your required wig color, it is recommendable to choose the best shade that fits your original hair.
Protect You From Heat Styling Appliances:
Wig saves your hair from heat styling appliances. Your wig will absorb heat and protects your natural hair. Musicians, Actors, and entertainers of all types frequently wear wigs to change their look to perform their roles, and it also avoids heat styling options.
Unlimited Styles:
Normally, making important hair changes or styles leads to expensive trips to the beauty salon every seven days, but with a massive range of wigs, you can shake your hair shade or style loud at any time. If you want to hide your broad forehead, then you can use the Lace Front Wigs. You may select various types of wigs according to your suitability.
Save Money:
Regardless of going to the beauty salon for a hairdo or style, you may wear a wig that is previously designed the method you wish, and it will save your time and money. The wigs extraordinary thing is that you make any hairstyles and shade without having to walk into the salon every time. Since original hair wigs are tough, they tend to maintain their superiority and keep in the best condition for a long time.
Restore Confidence:
Original and human hair wig goes untouched, which increases the wearers self- confidence and self-esteem. Since human hair wigs look actual and real, they may increase your confidence. You can do daily work without any doubts.
Final Words:
There are various advantages of wearing a wig as it secures your original hair from damage. and there is headband wigs especially. Particularly it protects hair from heat, hairdo, styling, and coloring, and it is an actual method to change your appearance entirely. It also provides self-confidence to women who struggle with Alopecia disease. To search for the best wig for yourself, you need to select a shade and the hairstyle you think will look excellent.

Wigs are having a moment. From Vivica Fox, who has her own wig line, to Christina Hendricks and Lady Gaga, famous ladies are now changing up their hairstyles as often as an Oscars host changes outfits, with using hair extensions. Why? The commitment-free hairpieces are easier to use and more realistic than they once were.
"Technology for netting, materials, and machines have changed so they are better than ever," says Edward Tricomi, master stylist and co-founder of the Warren-Tricomi Salons.
But as much as the 2.0 versions can help decide if your bang style is on-fleek, the construction of these new hair systems are also ideal for women with medical conditions who just want hair that looks and feels like their own.
Here, experts answer seven essential questions about wigs.
Q: What Are They Actually Made Out of?
There are two kinds of wigs: Human hair and synthetic hair. The natural hair is mainly sourced from India or Asia and costs significantly more than the faux version. But if you're looking for something more affordable, opt for a synthetic wig that's heat resistant, says Andrew DiSimone, wig expert and salon owner at HairPlace NYC. That’s because if you're cooking or open the oven door, the gust of heat could damage synthetic hair that’s not heat-resistant, he cautions.
Synthetic hair is also best for cuts that fall above your shoulders, like a bob, since the lengthier options can start to wear and fray if the man-made fibers rub against your shoulders.
How to prepare for a wig
If you think you might want to get a wig, it’s helpful to take some steps to prepare before you start chemotherapy or another treatment that may cause hair loss. For example:

• Find or take a couple of pictures of your preferred hairstyle. This will make it easier to find a wig that’s closest to your color, length, and style if you decide that’s what you want.
  
  
• Cut your hair short. It's less traumatic to lose short clumps of hair than long ones, and it's easier to fit a wig over less hair. Also, if you get used to short hair, you won’t have to wait as long while your hair is growing back to feel like yourself.
  

• At a wig shop. You can get recommendations for local wig shops or specialists through breast cancer organizations, your hospital’s cancer center, or through your hairdresser. Some wig specialists come to your home to provide additional privacy.
  
  
• Online. Like most things nowadays, you can shop for a wig, like HD hair wigs, or hair bundles, online. Online retailers have a large selection of wigs in every color, length, and style. Some offer consultations over the phone or via email to help you find the right style for you. This can also be a good option if you’d prefer more privacy when selecting your wig.
  
  
• Through a charity program. Instead of shopping for a wig (and possibly getting reimbursed for some or all of the cost through your health insurance company), you may want to look into getting a wig for free through programs of the American Cancer Society or other nonprofit organizations (see “Covering the cost of a wig” below for more info).
  

• Before purchasing a wig, call your health insurance company and ask if they will cover a “cranial prosthesis” for hair loss related to chemotherapy or radiation therapy. If so, ask what is the maximum cost they will cover, what paperwork you will need to submit your claim (including details on what the prescription from your doctor needs to say), and how long it will take to get reimbursed.
  
  
• In most cases, you will have to pay for your wig upfront and then get reimbursed after you submit a claim to your insurance company. Typically, you’ll need to send your insurance company a prescription from your doctor for a “cranial prosthesis” or a “hair prosthesis” (with a cancer diagnosis code), the receipt for the wig (with the wig company’s tax ID number), and a completed insurance claim form. Some wig providers and hospital centers will handle the insurance claim for you and won’t require you to pay upfront.
  
  
• Keep a copy of your receipt if you end up paying for all or part of your wig out of pocket. It might be a medical expense that you can take as a tax deduction.
  

Oxygen generators separate oxygen from air so that the gas can be fed into industrial processes in real-time or stored in pressure tanks. Oxygen generators are used in dozens of industrial applications ranging from gold mining to aquaculture to life support.
Normal ambient air is made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and other trace gases like argon and CO2. In order to remove the nitrogen and trace gases an oxygen generator is used.
The smallest portable oxygen concentrator can be no larger than a soda can, while industrial oxygen generators can be as large as a bus. However, all oxygen generators have the same purpose: to provide a safe supply of concentrated oxygen gas.
Businesses who need bulk oxygen often start by purchasing tanks from other companies who fill those tanks using an industrial oxygen generator. If the need is large and ongoing, it may be cost-effective for the business to purchase their own oxygen generator and produce oxygen on site. While the up-front cost of the machinery is significant, the cost per cubic foot of oxygen generated is 1/3 to 1/2 that of purchasing bulk oxygen, so over time the oxygen concentrator can pay for itself.
One example of this is hospitals that pipe oxygen into patient rooms. Instead of bottled oxygen, most hospitals have one or more industrial oxygen generators in the building.
Types of Oxygen Generators
Pressure Swing Adsorption Oxygen Generator
Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) is the most common method of producing oxygen at an industrial scale. PSA generators separate nitrogen from ambient air inside a pressurized tank filled with Zeolite. Zeolite is a natural or man-made mineral that acts as a “molecular sieve.” It is this ability to “sort” molecules by size that makes zeolite so useful. The larger nitrogen molecules are adsorbed by the sieve material while the smaller oxygen molecules drift past and are collected. Pressure is then released, the nitrogen molecules are vented to the atmosphere, and the tank is pressurized again.
Using PSA will result in 90-95% oxygenated gas. Further refinement can be achieved by repeating the process until over 99% “pure” oxygen is generated.
As a side note, the PSA process can also be used to generate nitrogen by collecting the nitrogen molecules and venting the oxygen. PSA is also used in the large-scale commercial synthesis of hydrogen used in oil refineries and in the production of ammonia for fertilizer.
One special kind of oxygen generator is more commonly known as an oxygen concentrator which is used as an alternative to oxygen bottles for home health care. While the up-front cost of the machine is more expensive than oxygen cylinders, they are safer than bottled oxygen and over time less expensive than having oxygen tanks delivered to the home.
Oxygen concentrators are normally sold through medical supply houses and can be purchased with a prescription from a physician.
[font="Proxima Nova", -apple-system, system-ui, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif]A nebulizer is a piece of medical equipment that a person with asthma or another respiratory condition can use to administer medication directly and quickly to the lungs.[/font]
[font="Proxima Nova", -apple-system, system-ui, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif]A nebulizer turns liquid medicine into a very fine mist that a person can inhale through a face mask or mouthpiece. Taking medicine this way allows it to go straight into the lungs and the respiratory system where it is needed.[/font]
[font="Proxima Nova", -apple-system, system-ui, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif]How to use a nebulizer[/font]
[font="Proxima Nova", -apple-system, system-ui, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif]Before a person starts taking medicine with a portable nebulizer, a doctor or nurse will explain how the nebulizer works and answer any questions.[/font]
[font="Proxima Nova", -apple-system, system-ui, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif]If a person receives their nebulizer from a pharmacy or medical equipment company, someone there will explain how to use it.[/font]
[font="Proxima Nova", -apple-system, system-ui, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif]Each nebulizing machine operates a little differently. It is crucial to read the instructions for the particular device that the doctor has prescribed.[/font]
[font="Proxima Nova", -apple-system, system-ui, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif]In general, a nebulizer is very easy to use, with only a few basic steps:[/font]

1. Wash the hands.
   
   
2. Add the medicine to the medicine cup, according to the doctor’s prescription.
   
   
3. Assemble the top piece, tubing, mask, and mouthpiece.
   
   
4. Attach the tubing to the machine, according to the instructions.
   
   
5. Turn the nebulizer on; they can be battery- or electrically powered.
   
   
6. While using the nebulizer, hold the mouthpiece and medicine cup upright to help deliver all the medication.
   
   
7. Take slow, deep breaths through the mouthpiece and inhale all the medicine.
   

• Bronchodilators: These are drugs that help open the airways and make breathing easier. Doctors often prescribe bronchodilators to people with asthma, COPD, or other respiratory disorders.
  
  
• Sterile saline solution: A nebulizer can deliver sterile saline to help open the airways and thin secretions. This may loosen and make it easier to cough up mucus in the lungs.
  
  
• Antibiotics: A nebulizer can deliver some types of antibiotics straight into the lungs or respiratory tract when someone has a severe respiratory infection.
  [font="Guardian TextSans Web", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif]Surgical gowns[/font][font="Guardian TextSans Web", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif] are traditionally worn to protect patients from contamination by the surgical team, and it works as isolation gowns. Blood routinely covers gowns during surgery and often contaminates surgeons' undergarments and skin. Because of risks to the surgical team by blood-borne pathogens, disposable and reusable gowns were examined. To quantify "strike through," 1440 samples of gown fabric were tested against human blood in an apparatus designed to simulate abdominal pressure during surgery. Representative pressures (0.25 to 2.0 psi) and times (1 second to 5 minutes) were studied. Above 0.5 psi, spun-bond/melt-blown/spun-bond disposable products were more resistant than spun-lace cloth. New cloth gowns were better than those washed 40 times. Spunbond/melt-blown/spun-bond fabric exposed to blood twice was more protective than spun-lace cloth challenged once. Gowns currently available exhibit varying resistance to strike through; only those with an impervious plastic reinforcement offer complete protection.[/font]
  

What are Brass Fittings Used For?
Brass is one of the most commonly used materials for making brass pipe fittings. The zinc and copper alloy has been used for centuries because of its unique properties that make it a good choice for a variety of uses. Of course, in more recent history and modern times, the most common use for brass is in pipes and fittings used in plumbing.

Brass pipe fittings are often the choice of plumbers and other construction professionals because of its dynamic properties. It is more durable and flexible than other material options and resistant to corrosion.
Brass hose barb fittings are typically used for carrying water, chemicals, flammable gases, slurries, and other plumbing substances. Pipe fittings made of brass come in a wide range of shapes and thread sizes to connect, adapt, or control any liquid or gas in pipes.
Besides plumbing, brass fittings are also used for some automotive applications, such as in air brakes, hose ends, and fuel line valves. You may also find brass fittings in ballcock adapters, refrigerator cooler fittings, and compression fittings.
Why are Brass Fittings Used?
The effectiveness of brass as the material for pipe fittings provides you with safe and durable components within your plumbing system. While they can be a bit more expensive than some other types of fittings, brass fittings are worth the extra cash. Here are five reasons why you should use brass fittings for your next plumbing project:

• 1. They are durable - Brass Compression Fittings have been used in both residential and industrial plumbing because it is great for heavy-duty use and it stays in good condition for years. When you have a plumbing project that needs to have a long lifespan, brass is a good choice because it lasts for a long time without disintegrating or even cracking. It’s also perfect for use in hot water supply lines.
  
  
• 2. They can withstand high temperatures - As the best fitting material for distributing hot water, brass provides exceptional conductivity and improves the efficiency of the distribution system. In fact, brass fittings can tolerate much higher temperatures than fittings made of other materials, up to the point of being fire resistant.
  
  
• 3. They are malleable - You may find that you need to mold or shape a fitting to make it work in specific areas. If so, then a brass fitting is the ideal choice. Brass is a malleable metal – much more so than iron or steel. That makes brass fittings a very flexible option for many tight plumbing spots.
  
  
• 4. They are corrosion resistant - Brass doesn’t rust and it is highly resistant to corrosion. Rust and corrosion rapidly speed up the natural wear and tear process on the fitting, so when you are looking for long-lasting fittings, brass is the best material for the job.
  
  
• 5. They are versatile - You can find brass fittings in all types and sizes, so you can always find just what you need for your specific plumbing projects.
  

• - Pipe couplings: used to connect pipes of the same size (unless it’s a reducing coupler, where the pipes are different sizes)
  
  
• - Pipe adaptors: used to change the connection type (male or female) at the end of a pipe
  
  
• - Pipe nipples: typically used to connect two fittings
  
  
• - Pipe tees: in the shape of a “T”, used when more than one branch is required of a water supply
  
  
• - Pipe elbows: used to change the direction of flow between pipes
  
  
• - Pipe unions: used in the same manner as couplings
  
  
• - Pipe plugs: used to close pipes
  
  
• - Pipe wyes: in the shape of a "Y", used to join pipes at a 45-degree angle
  

• Copper fittings are most commonly used in residential water systems and HVAC refrigerant lines. They are used for both hot and cold-water applications.
  
  
• PVC (polyvinyl chloride) fittings are the most common type of plastic fittings, and they come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They are typically only used for cold water applications.
  
  
• CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) fittings are used for both hot and cold-water applications in residential plumbing.
  
  
• Steel fittings are used for cold and hot water applications and are strong and durable with a high heat resistance. However, they are prone to rusting.
  
  
• Black iron fittings are typically used for drain and waste pipes. Black iron fittings are an improvement over cast iron due to its improved corrosion resistance.