Centrifugal chemical pumps are ideal for many applications, from filtration and circulation to storage and unloading.

Due to their harsh nature, corrosive chemicals must be handled carefully. As designers establish their systems, they must select pumps that are constructed to withstand the specific corrosive chemicals involved in their process.


The main advantage to this type of pump is the initial purchase price. Compared to other types of pumps, such as stamping pump, sewage pump and magnetic pump, the initial investment is typically lower. A secondary advantage is the potential to handle some solids.

Magnetic-Drive Centrifugal Pumps



3. Smooth Flow
Some pumps produce pulsing flow. Non metallic centrifugal pumps avoid pulsing.

4. Proven Reliability
Centrifugal chemical pumps are a solid choice when reliability is critical. Evaluate design and construction features to ensure the specified pump will be durable enough to operate under the most extreme conditions in the planned application.

What is the viscosity of the fluid at pumping temperature? This affects the flow, head and motor power of the centrifugal pump.

Will the pump be used for solids? If so, the user must identify the hardness, particle size and concentration of the solids. These details affect the material specs of the pump.



What is the application? A detailed description of how the pump in automatic control system will be used allows the manufacturer to spec the appropriate pump.

What other materials are involved? Some materials may be suitable for some chemicals, but they can be negatively affected by certain combinations of products.

What is the ambient temperature range? In settings where the temperature is not controlled, this must be taken into account when selecting the motor and construction materials.

Coffee - that beverage that has most of us captured in its charm. For those of us who are official coffee addicts, we rarely go a day without having our cup (or cups). Those touch screen coffee machines that bring our coffee to our mugs are revered as sacred instruments. And the instant coffee machine rank among the many that bring us our brew every morning – and afternoon and evening as well!




The instant coffee machine is sold in number of retail stores. Depending on its functionality the price will vary accordingly. Most of the larger, more commercial machines are bigger and pricier. But you can also find a small instant coffee machine model for in home use as well. You can buy a large supply of the pre-made coffee packets at the same time. It may be a larger expense at the beginning but it will soon pay for itself as you save money on the pricey coffee shop lattes and espressos.




1. The cost to your pocket
Given that a cup of coffee costs about $4 at a café, and as much as $5 in some areas (both regional and metro – it's not just the cosmopolitan cafés charging big bucks for their coffee), you could be spending upwards of $1500 a year if you have one cup of café coffee a day. 

And that number just goes up if you sometimes sneak in an extra brew or two, or get a muffin as well. 

So, would you be better off taking that cash and investing it in your own instant coffee machine? Let's have a look at the numbers. 

The cost of the machine
At CHOICE, we review a wide range of coffee machines – automatic, semiautomatic, manual and pod, vending coffee machine– and they vary drastically in price from $37 to $3999. 


Doing the maths: Making a coffee with grinder coffee machine vs buying one
We've compared coffee costs for a year below, based on buying a manual espresso machine as they deliver the most barista-like results. Keep in mind, your personal preferences (for equipment, coffee brand, even how much milk you use) will change the costs – this is a guide only. 

Dog beds can be simple or fancy, expensive or homemade, and everything in between.

How do you pick the right dog bed for your pup when there are so many on the market? Does your pooch even need a dog bed? Should you spend a lot of money when your dog is just as happy lying with you in your human bed or on the couch?



And if you’re allergic to your dogs, then it’s best if they sleep somewhere besides your bed.

Dog beds can also be taken with you when you travel so that your dog feels comfortable and is able to sleep somewhere familiar. They’ll rest easier and feel less anxiety.

Dog pet beds are also usually easy to wash, which makes life easier if your dog has accidents, gets infested with fleas or mites, or just rolls in something stinky.



Basic Styles Of Dog Beds
Flat pads or mats are inexpensive and fit in crates.
Nesting/snuggle beds are similar to beanbag chairs and often preferred by smaller dogs who love to curl up.
Cuddler/nest beds come in the “traditional” oval bowl shape.

Travel beds with cat toys are portable, so your dog can have the security of the same bed every night while on the road. For dogs who suffer from anxiety in new places, this can help them relax and get some sleep.
Cot-style beds keep your dog off the ground and comfortably support joints by distributing the dog’s weight evenly. They are also usually fairly easy to transport.

What Is The Best Dog Bed For Your Dog?

There are so many dog beds and cat beds on the market. How do you pick the best one? There are many factors to take into consideration, including size, cost, comfort, your dog’s medical needs, convenience, and so much more.

You should do your research and consult your veterinarian about your pup’s needs before you make a decision. Here are several factors to consider when choosing the best dog toys bed:

A good fit. Beyond finding something within your budget, make sure your dog fits on the bed with pet toy; heads and limbs shouldn’t have to be hanging off the edge.
Easy washability. Dogs eat treats, vomit, pass gas, scratch fleas, and wipe ointment-filled eyes and ears on their beds. Some dogs urinate on them — so the ability to throw the bed into the washing machine is a big help, if not downright critical. Dogs with allergies will also benefit from having their bed washed frequently.

Knowing the basic electric wire types is essential to almost any electrical project around the house. When you're installing new wiring, for example, choosing the right wire or power cable is half the battle. And when you’re examining existing wiring in your home, identifying the wire type can tell you a lot about the circuit the wiring belongs to—for example, when you open a junction box and need to determine which wires go where. Wiring for modern homes is quite standard, and most homes built after the mid-1960s have similar types of wiring. Any new electrical installation requires new wiring that conforms to local building codes.



It helps to understand a few basic terms used to describe wiring. An electrical wire is a type of ­conductor, which is a material that conducts electricity. In the case of household wiring, the conductor itself is usually copper or aluminum (or copper-sheathed aluminum) and is either a solid metal conductor or stranded wire. Most wires in a home are insulated, meaning they are wrapped in a nonconductive plastic coating. One notable exception is ground wires, which are typically solid copper and are either insulated with green sheathing or uninsulated (bare).



THHN/THWN Wire
THHN and THWN are codes for the two most common types of insulated single core wire used inside the conduit. Unlike NM cable, in which two or more individual insulated conductors are bundled inside a plastic sheathing, THHN and THWN wires are single conductors, each with its color-coded insulation. Instead of being protected by NM cable sheathing, these wires are protected by tubular metal or plastic conduit.

Conduit is often used in unfinished areas, such as basements and garages, and for short exposed runs inside the home, such as wiring connections for garbage disposers and hot water heaters. The letters indicate specific properties of the wire insulation:


Low-voltage wiring is used for circuits typically requiring 50 volts or less. Several common types are landscape lighting wire, sprinkler system connections, bell wire (for doorbells), speaker system wires, and thermostat wires. Wire sizes range from about 22 gauge to 12 gauge. Low-voltage wires typically are insulated and may be contained in cable sheathing or combined in twisted pairs, similar to lamp cord wire and flat cable. It must be used only for low-voltage applications. These are typically very small wires that are much different from standard circuit wiring.




Although data wiring does carry a small amount of voltage, anything under 30 volts is generally regarded as safe (a household circuit carries about 120-volts of power).1 However, there is always a danger of data wiring coming into contact with household wiring, so you should treat it with caution and avoid touching bare electric cable.

Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable is beginning to grow less common, thanks to the use of other forms of data wiring, such as HDMI, for television data transmission. Coaxial cable is a round jacketed cable that features an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield made of braided multi-core wire. It can be identified by the threaded connectors that are used to make unions and device hookups.

When it comes to easy playability, affordability and portability, it’s hard to beat a harmonica. Despite their modest size and cost, harmonicas are capable of producing an amazing array of tones, and this versatility is reflected in the music genres in which the mighty little mouth harp plays a part. From the more obvious categories such as blues, country, and rock to more surprising musical territory such as jazz and classical music, the harmonica with its often human-like voice easily fits in.



Though there are a number of specialty harmonicas, the three most common varieties fall into one of three categories based on how they are tuned: diatonic, chromatic, and tremolo harmonica. We’ll focus mainly on these while touching on a few of the less common harmonica types.



Diatonic harmonicas
The most common type of harmonica you’ll encounter in pop, blues and folk music—diatonic harmonicas are designed to play in a specific key. That said, overblowing and note-bending techniques plus playing in alternate “positions” makes it possible to play a diatonic in keys and modes other than its “official” key. A couple of players, Howard Levy and Carlos Del Junco, have developed an overblowing technique with which they play chromatically using a humble 10-hole diatonic harp.



Chromatic harmonicas
Most chromatic harmonicas have a button-activated lever that directs air to two separate reed plates that include all the notes in the 12-tone western scale. With sufficient skill, you can play just about any scale or mode using the chromatic’s “gear shift.”


Chromatic tremolo harmonicas are popular in Asian rock and pop music. Diatonic tremolo harps are sometimes used in folk and pop music, and produce a rustic tone that’s ideal for playing cowboy songs like “Red River Valley” around the campfire.

Specialty harmonicas
Though far less common than the types we’ve already discussed, specialty children's harmonicas are popular for use in harmonica ensembles and orchestral settings. Here’s a brief overview:

Designing for Metal AM is Key
For now, metal AM is not exactly a manufacturing floor or engineering department staple, but it is making headway. A recent survey from Market Reports World projects the metals 3D printing market to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of almost 22% from 2021 to 2025, increasing revenue by $1.3 billion. Grandview Research is projecting 27.8% CAGR growth between 2020 and 2027, fueled by increased adoption in the medical, automotive, and aerospace and defense sectors.



Don’t underestimate post-processing. Because it’s still relatively unknown in broad market circles, many companies tend to look at metal 3D printing, and metal AM in particular, as a black box. Experts say it’s a misconception to assume most offerings are a plug-and-play machine and that there won’t be significant machining and finishing work required to ensure a part comes out finished as intended.



Matsuura’s LUMEX Avance-25 and Avance-60 metal laser sintering system focus on a hybrid approach, which streamlines post-processing work, Houle contends. The systems combine a powder bed metal AM platform with subtractive machining capabilities to ensure quality parts are finished with maximum precision.

SPEE3D’s supersonic 3D powder deposition (SP3D) process also helps defray post-processing challenges while operating up to 100 to 1,000 times faster than traditional MJF 3D printing processes, according to Bruce Colter, vice president and general manager for the Americas region of the company. 



The software also features standardized recipes for parts, negating the need to develop new process parameters for every print job, saving time and reducing the need for SLS 3D printing specialists. Assure uses a multi-sensor defect detection system to predict bulk material properties for each part and to determine print health in real time, ensuring companies can move to production with verifiable part-to-part consistency. 

“Historically, engineers have had to wait for something to be printed to scan and check results,” says Zach Murphree, vice president of technical partnerships at Velo3D.

Do embrace an iterative approach to design and manufacturing. That’s at the heart of the benefits of SLA 3D printing of all types. “Don’t be afraid to put something on the machine,” says Patrick Dunne, vice president of advanced application development at 3D Systems. “Maybe it doesn’t work, maybe it breaks, but it’s the ability to iterate at a high frequency and embrace Agile as a design approach that’s so interesting.”

The Howo trucks and Howo parts, are the symbol of power, mobility and speed, through which customers in the domain of mining, construction and logistics get the best services in very smooth and professional way.




Dump Truck:
The dumper truck to load unload any raw material like stones, rocks, sand used in mixing material for construction purpose, charcoal and similar material. These trucks are 371 HP, Cargo capacity of 7300*2300*1700 mm3 or 28.54 CBM. Front Axle can bear 2×9000 Kg weight while Rear Axle can bear 2×16000 Kgs. Please check the howo truck parts include fast transmission assembly catalogue for reference



WD615 Engine
Howo truck engine has large torque, and reduced fuel consumption by more than 10%. They have broader power range 196-323KW, high reliability up-to 10,000 hrs without major overhauling. The WD615 engine and WD618 engine can be interchanged thus reducing the running cost. Optimized combustions and fuel supply system makes them environmental friendly. The reference can be found in howo electric spare parts catalogue



Clutch Plate:
This is the transmission system auto part with clutch disk material type steel. Please check the howo engine spare parts catalogue for reference



 Mileage Sensor:
The mileage sensor is another auto part, is also known as odometer, used to measure the speed of howo truck with transmission parts. Operated on 8-12V, gear box assembly type.

 Air Filter:
The K2841 air filter is important auto part, used in heavy duty excavator, loader, and forklifts. It has excellent performance on moist, hygroscopic or agglomerative dust. It blocks fumed silica, metallic fumes, metallurgical powders etc

Howo Truck Relay:
This is the 24V and 30/20 Ampere, relay, with silver alloy contacts, sealed and dust cover. Commonly used in trucks and other vehicles. Find the howo trucks wiring diagram online to check its coil and contacts connection.

Takeaways:
• Three COVID-19 diagnostic testing methods are available: molecular, antigen, and antibody.
• Each method has unique advantages and disadvantages.
• Nursing knowledge can help ensure accurate testing use, interpretation, and application.



Testing methods
Various nations and certifying organizations—including the World Health Organization (WHO), Conformité Européenne, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—have approved over 400 molecular, antigen, and serological antibody diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2. When determining which test is appropriate, nurses should consider method of sample collection, processing procedure, length of time for results, test sensitivity and specificity, test limitations, and results interpretation. Testing methods fall into three categories: molecular, antigen, and antibody.

Molecular testing
Molecular tests detect RNA from the SARS-CoV-2 virus to diagnose an active or acute COVID-19 infection. Examples include the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Sample collection routes include nasopharyngeal, deep nasal, anterior nares, and oropharyngeal. Depending on laboratory capability, molecular test results can be obtained in 3 to 4 hours or up to a week; the average time is 1 to 2 days.



Antigen testing
Antigen tests detect surface proteins from the SARS-CoV-2 virus to diagnose an active or acute infection. Specimens are obtained from the nasopharynx and anterior nares. Antigen tests and uncut sheet are recommended for individuals with symptoms during the first 5 to 7 days of infection. However, a Cochrane systemic review of 22 antigen test studies found that their sensitivity varied considerably, from 0% to 94%, with the average sensitivity being 56.2%, which is why a confirming RT-PCR test is recommended.

Antibody testing
Antibody testing, which requires a blood sample either from a vein or a finger prick, is used to detect a past infection. These tests are conducted using lateral flow or immunoassay tests, such as the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and the CIA (chemiluminescent immunoassay). Antibody testing can determine the presence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) or immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies developed in response to infection.

Everyone wants to get the most out of their equipment, and jaw crusher operators are no exception. There are several factors that affect crusher performance and thus the whole circuit. Here are a few things that can help you avoid production losses.




WHAT IS IT?
Bridging means stones blocking the flow from entering or moving down in the crushing chamber. It can be caused by just one stone that is larger than the feed opening, or then many average-sized stones of crossing against each other and blocking the crusher’s feed.

WHY IT IS A PROBLEM?
Bridging can cause a significant loss of production that oftentimes goes unnoticed. It is relevant to keep an eye on bridging in the feeding area of a primary crusher as it can take several minutes to resolve the issue (big rock being removed, fragmented or directed to the chamber). If it occurs say ten times in a day, it quickly leads to one hour of lost production.

If that happens, for instance, in one of our crusher models including stone crusher, cone crusher, etc., C130 with 352 short ton per hour (stph) working capacity and assuming a USD 12 /short ton, the daily loss can easily add up to four thousand dollars.



Monitor the condition of jaws
Besides being an important item for the dryer machine’s performance, the jaw crusher’s jaws are responsible for front frame and swing jaw protection. Wear generally causes loss in production due to increased crushing angle, loss of tooth profile, reduction of the CSS to compensate the possible lamellar effect, etc. That is why it needs to be monitored throughout the crusher’s lifecycle.

As excessive wear can cause a 10–20% reduction in production, it is important to find the optimal time for the jaw turn or change in terms of cost and benefit. Again, with the same scenario with C130, we would have approximately a 70 stph reduction in production, in other words, a decrease of USD 4000 to 8000 in revenue for one day.

Is an Impact Crusher right for my business?
To summarise, an Impact Crusher has more versatility than a Jaw and Cone Crusher since it can simultaneously perform primary and secondary duties. 

We're big fans of Impact Crushers as wastes recyling because they produce excellent results for our customers and have thus far; been unbeatable as a total machine solution. 

Want more information on Crushing Solutions or a Consultative approach to choosing your next machine? We can help by providing a profitability calculator, production forecast and a full costing run down.

When it comes to wound healing, it is vital to ensure that healing is as fast and effective as possible, for this using the right dressing is crucial. The type of dressing used for dressing a wound should always depend on various factors, including the type of injury, the size, location, and severity.

At CLH, we have a range of different wound dressings on offer, each of which is ideal for treating different wounds. From hydrogel and hydrocolloid to alginate dressings, we have a wide range of options on offer.

To make the process of choosing the right functional wound dressing for the injury, that little bit easier, we have put together the guide below, detailing what each of the seven most commonly used wound dressings should be used for.


These dressings require changing around every two days, sometimes more, due to the amount of liquid that they absorb and the nature of the wound care. Changing them too often could cause too much dryness or could lead to bacteria penetrating the wound. These should only be used for wet wounds with high liquid drainage; else they can hinder healing by drying out wounds too quickly.

4. Collagen
Collagen dressings can be used for chronic wounds or stalled wounds, pressure sores, transplant sites, surgical wounds, ulcers, burns, or injuries with a large surface area. These dressings act including orthopedic external fixation as a scaffolding for new cells to grow and can be highly effective when it comes to healing.


7. Cloth
Cloth dressings are the most commonly used dressings, often used to protect open wounds or areas of broken skin. They are suitable for minor injuries such as grazes, cuts or areas of delicate skin.

These dressings come in all shapes and sizes, from small coverings for fingers to larger ones for wounds and therapeutic patch across wider areas of the body. As well as pre-cut dressings, these also come in a roll option that is made to be cut to size.