When you first dive into photography lighting equipment, you’re bound to feel massively overwhelmed. Studio lighting seems complex, it’s full of confusing jargon, and it certainly isn’t designed for the beginner.

But here’s the truth:

While photography lighting might seem complicated, it’s actually pretty easy to get started – assuming you have the right teacher. That’s where this article comes in handy; I aim to share all the professional stage lighting, so that by the time you’re done, you’ll have a strong understanding of both studio lighting equipment and the accompanying vocabulary.


How does light interact with matter?
It is no accident that humans can home party light. Light is our primary means of perceiving the world around us. Indeed, in a scientific context, the detection of light is a very powerful tool for probing the universe around us. As light interacts with matter it can be become altered, and by studying light that has originated or interacted with matter, many of the properties of that matter can be determined. It is through the study of light that, for example, we can understand the composition of stars and galaxies that are many light years away or watch in real time the microscopic physiological processes that occur within living cells.


We can represent the energy levels of matter in a scheme known as a Jablonski diagram, represented in Figure 2. An atom or molecule in the lowest energy state possible, known as the ground state, can absorb a photon which will allow the atom or molecule to be raised to a higher energy level state, known as an excited state. Hence the matter can absorb hybrid led laser strobe light of characteristic wavelengths. The atom or molecule typically stays in in an excited state only for a very short time and it relaxes back to the ground state by a number of mechanisms. In the example shown, the excited atom or molecule initially loses energy, not by emitting a photon, but instead it relaxes to the lower energy intermediate state by internal processes which typically heat up the matter. The intermediate energy level then relaxes to the ground state by the emission of a photon of lower energy (longer wavelength) than the photon that was initially absorbed.



Since the 1950s, fluorescent lamps (generally rich in hybrid led strobe laser derby light and line spectra) have been widely used in indoor lit environments, at least in office and commercial settings, but rather infrequently in the home—with perhaps one exception—in the kitchen (USA experience). But the ‘revolution' in optics during the 1960s—fostered largely by the invention of the laser—led to other optical technologies, including the development of new types of lenses and filters, holography, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LEDs were far more energy efficient than incandescent sources but initially were capable of emitting only very narrow wavelength bands, that is, single-color visible LEDs, until the invention of multi-chip LEDs and blue–violet-pumped-fluorescent LEDs to produce ‘white' light.

We print on high speed sublimation paper together with the use of sublimation ink to print out the images using mirror image setting, then transfer the image onto the media by applying heat and pressure, which makes the sublimation ink turn into gaseous state and absorb by the media. Sublimation paper + ink can transfer the printed image onto polyester, mousepad, cardboard puzzles, polyester drifit tshirts, banners and hard surfaces, such as mugs, ceramic and aluminium plates etc.




Unlike inkjet and laser transfer papers, the entire surface of super speed sublimation paper does not transfer, as there are no binding agents involved. The sublimation dye simply turns into a gas during the pressing phase of the process and transfers into the polymer fibers of the substrate. Also, since sublimation is sub-surface, it has no hand.




The variety of sticky sublimation paper may look similar, but different brands have different manufacturing recipes. It pays to explore the options on the market. Don’t focus on cost, but look for the product that consistently delivers the highest quality images.

Note that sublimation dyes do not work with non-poly fibers.


The need for good quality paper for jumbo roll sublimation paper has been reported previously as a principal requirement for the process. Pigmented coated papers have gained acceptance in the traditional paper printing industry, but, despite their importance, have inspired very few reports in literature about their application in heat transfer printing.In the current work, we studied the influence of both clay and ground calcium carbonate (GCC) pigments and the incorporation of plastic pigment on
The sublimation printing process

So how does sublimation work? Well, 35gsm fast dry sublimation paper uses heat to essentially bring ink and fabric together as one.

Electrical filters are devices whose attenuation varies with frequency. Filters that allow low or high frequencies to pass without serious attenuation are called low-pass and high-pass filters, respectively. A filter that allows only a limited range of frequencies through is a band-pass filter while its converse is a band-stop filter. See also bandwidth.

The term “filter” is also applied to a number of other devices, which are not discussed in the present article. For example, devices that pass or reject acoustic or electromagnetic waves of certain frequencies are called filters, and the term is sometimes applied to devices that separate polymer ions into fractions or remove salts from solutions by means of ion exchangers.

According to the nature of the heterogeneous system, a distinction is made between liquid filters, which are used to LTE filter suspensions, and gas filters, which are used to separate out aerosols and to purify gases. The simplest filter is a vessel that is divided into two parts by a filter medium. A pressure difference is established across the filter to force the liquid or gas through the filter medium, which holds back the solid particles.



Leaf filters are used to clarify solutions and to separate slurries that contain no more than 5 percent (by volume) of a solid phase. The bands filter elements, or leaves, are circular or rectangular in shape and are usually covered with a cloth filter medium. Each leaf has an outlet through which the filtrate is discharged. The slurry is fed into the filter tank. The layer of cake is washed after all the slurry has been removed from the tank.The principal application of the rotating-pan filter (Figure 4) is the dewatering of coarse slurries in, for example, the production of potassium and the preparation of hard coal and ores. The device is a vacuum filter. The filter surface is annular in shape and is divided into trapezoidal segments, each of which constitutes a filter cell. The upper part of each cell is open, and the bottom is inclined toward the center to facilitate the flow of liquid. The cell is covered by a perforated sheet, on which the filter medium is placed. The interior of each segment is connected by pipes to the channels of a distribution system, which is rigidly fastened to the housing. The 5G LTE filter is rotated by an electric motor. During one rotation a filter cell is successively connected to vacuum and compressed-air lines. The slurry is fed into the cell from above. The cake is removed with a scraper or a screw conveyor.



You can set up the customization of knowledge article search filters by first enabling the feature, and then setting the 4G LTE filter configurations. 

These devices have various names, including Vape 300 Kali Hisapan, e-hookahs, vaporizer cigarettes, vapes, and vape pens.

They come in a range of shapes. Some look like USB drives and others look like pens, for example.

Manufacturers market Vape 600 Kali Hisapan as tools for quitting or cutting down on smoking, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) class them as tobacco products.

United States federal law does not allow the sale of tobacco products to people under the age of 21Trusted Source. However, a major concern about vaping is its attraction for young people.

Vaping is popular among teens. In fact, it is now the most popularTrusted Source form of tobacco use among young people in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Below, learn what Vape 800 Kali Hisapan contain, how they work, and what research indicates about their risks to health.


Electronic nicotine dispensing systems (ENDS), commonly known as electronic cigarettes or Vape 1000 Kali Hisapan, have been popularly considered a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarette smoking since they first appeared on the market more than a decade ago. E-cigarettes are electronic devices, essentially consisting of a cartridge, filled with an e-liquid, a heating element/atomiser necessary to heat the e-liquid to create a vapour that can be inhaled through a mouthpiece, and a rechargeable battery (Fig. 1) [1, 2]. Both the electronic devices and the different e-liquids are easily available in shops or online stores.



One of the first studies in humans involved the analysis of 9 volunteers that consumed Vape 1200 Kali Hisapan, with or without nicotine, in a ventilated room for 2 h [8]. Pollutants in indoor air, exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and urinary metabolite profiles were analysed. The results of this acute experiment revealed that e-cigarettes are not emission-free, and ultrafine particles formed from propylene glycol (PG) could be detected in the lungs. The study also suggested that the presence of nicotine in e-cigarettes increased the levels of NO exhaled from consumers and provoked marked airway inflammation; however, no differences were found in the levels of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), an oxidative stress marker, before and after e-cigarette consumption [8]. A more recent human study detected significantly higher levels of metabolites of hazardous compounds including benzene, ethylene oxide, acrylonitrile, acrolein and acrylamide in the urine of adolescent dual users (e-cigarettes and conventional tobacco consumers) than in adolescent e-cigarette-only users (Table 1) [9]. Moreover, the urine levels of metabolites of acrylonitrile, acrolein, propylene oxide, acrylamide and crotonaldehyde, all of which are detrimental for human health, were significantly higher in e-cigarette-only users than in non-smoker controls, reaching up to twice the registered values of those from non-smoker subjects (Table 1) [9]. In line with these observations, dysregulation of lung homeostasis has been documented in non-smokers subjected to acute inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols [10].

For all that your houseplants do for you—like cleaning the very air you breathe—the least you can do is give them a beautiful home. For showstopping indoor planters that won’t break the bank, we turned to some of our most loved ceramists and home decor brands for inspiration. These innovators have been cooking up some truly original house planter designs for succulents, small plants, and leafy greenery that’ll match any decor. Prefer a classic look? O.G. terra-cotta planters now come in sleek modern shapes. Looking for something flashy and modern? Shiny metal planters will add a glow. Just need a pop of color on the windowsill? There’s a hyper blue ceramic planter for that. And may we suggest that, if you do have that itch for a decor update, new plants (and, obviously, plant pots!) are really the best place to start.



“There’s something very Gothic about the design of this light planter” with its repeating pattern of pointed arches, said Mr. Pascoe. Pairing it with the frothy, very pale flowers of a miniature Cinderella crabapple tree would create “a classic blue-and-white palette—my favorite,” he said, adding that the planter’s sleek, aluminum surface updates the look. With long, slender branches that reach up and out like thin, curving fingers, Malus x ‘Cinzam’ “still looks enchanting in the winter when it has no foliage,” he said. Oomph Ocean Drive Outdoor Planter in blue, from $1,575, chairish.com



Third world maize (Zea mays L.) production is characterized by having extremely low yields, attributed in part to the poor planting methods employed. Maize planting in most third world countries involves placing 2–3 seeds per hill, with hills being roughly 30 cm apart. The variability in seeds per hill and distance between hills result in heterogeneous plant stands that are directly responsible for lower yields. Oklahoma State University (OSU) has developed a durable hand planter with a reciprocating internal drum that delivers single maize seeds per strike and that can also be used for mid-season application of urea fertilizer. The hand mountain planter is 1.4 m in length, 5.8 cm in diameter, and weighs 1.9 kg when empty. The seed hopper has the capacity to hold 1 kg of seed and the tip has a sharp pointed shovel which can deliver seed to a planting depth of 5 cm in no-till and tilled soils. The current prototype has been comprehensively tested and evaluated to deliver at least 80% single seeds (singulation), with 0% misses and work well across varying seed sizes (2652–4344 seeds/kg) and different operators. Using the OSU hand planter, third world maize producers with average yields of 2.0 Mg ha−1 could increase yields by 20%.




Choose a spot that gets at least six hours of sun. If your planter is against a wall, you can get by with less sun because of the reflected heat.
A 4-ft.-wide planter is ideal for harvesting from both sides. Keep it to 3 ft. wide if you’re placing your unusual planter against a wall or fence.
Line your planter with a “fish-safe” rubber membrane. It will prolong the life of the wood without leaching chemicals into the soil (and your food). You can buy fish-safe pond liners in different thicknesses and materials at home centers, garden centers and online retailers.
Don’t use garden soil or a heavy potting soil in your raised garden. Use a light, fluffy “soilless” blend that will retain moisture without compacting or becoming waterlogged. You can also buy potting soil specifically formulated for self-watering planters.

It’s always a good idea to make sure depth-gauge wheels are in contact with the soil surface. This check is particularly necessary when planting at deeper than normal depths or if dry soil increases penetration resistance encountered by the seed opener. If gauge wheels are not on the soil surface, extra weight must be transferred to the row unit via the down force system on the parallel links attaching the row unit to the planter frame. In some cases, extra weight may be required on the planter toolbar frame to allow penetration of the seed opener. This last issue is more commonly encountered when a large number of row units are used on a given multi level planter toolbar (e.g., narrow- or split-row planter use) or separate fertilizer injectors are used on the planter.

Am a complete novice here, so any advice greatfully recieved. What I want to do is fit headlight auto leveling to a vehicle, sounds simple, well it's a 4x4 so random bits of potentiometers and mechanical links dangling below don't appeal. Thinking outside my comfort zone and doing some research I came across the Arduino and VW headlight level sensor. So the question is would it be practicle and / or possible to use an Arduino to read the output of a pair of these ultrasonic sensors to determin the vehicle pitch angle relative to the road surface and automatically adjust the headlight level acordingly? Obviously the Arduino would have to be satndalone once programmed. The reason for this project is that HID headlights legally require to be automatically self leveled. It does not require to adjust with any great speed, and as a minimum it must adjust at the start of a trip to take acount of the vehicle load, although dynamic leveling would be nice.

A system for automatic headlight leveling control in BMW headlight level sensor which are offset in the longitudinal direction for measuring the vehicle body pitch angle in the form of a level difference. An electronic control unit determines a desired value for the headlight adjustment as a function of the first derivative of the directly measured or further processed level difference. In one embodiment of the invention, electronic control unit determines a static level difference and a dynamic level difference, and the desired value is determined as a function of the first derivative or the second derivative of the dynamic level difference.


This article will first discuss how level sensors work, which information is measured and evaluated and what special characteristics the Benz headlight level sensor have.

Level sensor evaluation for comfort and safety functions


This control signal, also known as a transfer function (TF), is the common language of the LAND ROVER headlight level sensor, which converts the mechanical movement of the chassis into a signal, and the control unit, which receives the signal and calculates the mechanical change based on it. The X-axis of the TF always represents the position and the Y-axis always represents the signal. This transfer function can differ depending on the customer, control unit and chassis. The transfer function is transmitted both to the front headlight beam adjuster control unit and the chassis control unit, where it is analyzed as described and used for dynamic adjustment of the respective function.



The variety of vehicle types means each sensor requires a customer-specific mechanical and electrical interface. This must be compact. For this reason, the plug connectors have a modular design and differ from customer to customer. The lever also differs from vehicle to vehicle. This means there is a large amount of variation in assembly. All these conditions require flexibility in design and manufacture of the sensors while maintaining quality. The sensor systems are robust, completely redundant, fully end-of-line programmed and traceable. Over nearly fourteen years, Swoboda has manufactured many millions of Toyota headlight level sensor for numerous different customers and vehicles and they are currently in their third generation.

There’s something interesting happening in the furniture world: a plentiful crop of online-only, direct-to-consumer retailers are popping up everywhere, offering incredibly good looking (and often much more competitively priced) merchandise with the caveat that you need to purchase sight unseen. With something as large of a commitment as a sofa, it might be easy to hesitate on taking the plunge, regardless of the upsides (quick shipping, generous return policies, modern styling, budget pricing). One of these companies (that you asked for enthusiastically in the comments of our introductory Sofa Squad post earlier this year) is Article.The Sven is the brand’s most popular leather sofa—and it’s no surprise why. The classic silhouette is available in a wide range of colors and materials like fabric, leather, or velvet upholstery with or without a chaise sectional. Since I’ve always loved the look of a really worn-in leather couch (my Pinterest doesn’t lie!), I opted for the right side Sven sectional upholstered in navy blue leather.


What is the lead time for customization, manufacturing, and delivery?

Coordinating furniture delivery can be a hassle but Article takes as much of the guesswork out of the process as possible by using your zip code to estimate delivery date ranges for all its inventory. As a general rule of thumb, most in-stock orders are available to be shipped to your home in two weeks or less.

Before my Article fabric sofa arrived, I was contacted by the team via email to schedule a delivery date and time window. On the actual delivery day, the Article team called 30 minutes in advance of their arrival time to alert me they were on their way. In the interests of staying COVID-safe, I had the leather sofa delivered to my doorstep using contactless delivery, which Article offers for a flat rate of $49 on orders below $999 and comes free with orders over $999. If you live alone or you’re worried about carrying heavy weights, for $99, the brand offers in-room delivery to have your boxes brought to whatever room you’d like. In-room delivery and assembly is also available for $169, in which case the delivery team will bring the Article furniture into your home and assemble it on the spot.


The Sven sofa is 34 inches tall and 100 inches wide while the chaise itself is 67 inches long and the loveseat metal sofa cushion is 37 inches deep. I have four members in my family of varying heights (from 5'1 to 6'1), so it’s important to have ample space to accommodate everyone. I’d say the Sven sectional is an excellent choice for a family or household of three that can fit maybe four adults at max thanks to the added section. Article also provides exact measurements for all its products and recommends measuring your space beforehand to ensure a proper fit. In my opinion, a sectional is always a good choice for an open floor plan (which is the case with my home) and even in a studio if you’re trying to create the illusion of separate regions for a living room, dining area, etc.



I’m on the petite side (about 5'1), and find I have more than enough room to sprawl out on both the loveseat or chaise section of the sofa (my dad who’s 6'1 also finds it comfy). However, because everything from the material to the fill is on the firmer side, I don’t see myself taking any luxurious naps or using it as a makeshift bed anytime soon. That said, it’s still definitely an ideal children sofa for lounging about while reading or watching TV.

Sandwiching Machine: biscuits may be automatically sandwiched with cream or jam or with two ingredients. The biscuits are normally fed manually from the packing table to a set of vibratory conveyors. The machines may have multilanes, usually from two up to six lanes. Each lane may produce 200–800 sandwiches per minute, depending on the product and machine characteristics. Cookie cappers are full width biscuit making machine systems. Chocolate tempering: when pure chocolate is used, accurate temperature control during the process is essential. The temperature control to seed and produce stable beta fat crystals that avoid ‘bloom’ is carried out in a tempering tube that may be a separate unit or incorporated in the enrobing machine. Chocolate enrobing: chocolate coating of biscuits is a continuous in-line process. The biscuits are delivered directly, after cooling to around 25°C, to an enrobing machine. The biscuit depositing machine are transported through the enrober on an open wire mesh conveyor. They may be fully coated or half coated with chocolate. Chocolate cooling: the chocolate is cooled in tunnels with air/water cooling and accurate temperature control to ensure a clear, glossy surface to the products.



So this weekend, I asked the sandwich guy at my corner bodega to give me a lesson, and he graciously complied. Turns out the process is crazy easy and crazy handy—with a few basic folds and turns, you'll have a sandwich that'll keep its shape and hold all your carefully arranged ingredients in place, whether you're going on a picnic, biscuit packaging machine a lunch box, or taking a road trip. It won't gather condensation and induce sogginess the way a zipper-lock bag will, and, because these wrap jobs hold up even once your sandwich is sliced in half, it'll make eating on the go a whole lot easier and neater, too. All you'll need is parchment or waxed paper and, if you're working with a hot sandwich or planning to slice the sandwich in half, a sheet of aluminum foil.



Think about moving from one pan to another, then moving to the oven to check on your bread when cooking - sounds hectic, right? This 4-in-1 breakfast making machine lets you cook everything at one spot so making breakfast won't feel like such a chore anymore.

You can toast bread, steam eggs and cook congee with one biscuit sandwiching machine so it's no longer an excuse to not have a healthy breakfast every day! Choose from the pastel pink or blue colour.

You may have noticed that print socks aren’t what they used to be. Think back: for a long time socks were just something you used to cover your feet. Possibly black, probably ankle-height and definitely an afterthought. Socks are now an important part of your outfit at the least, the making of an outfit at most.

Socks have become an area of diplomacy and woke-signalling – the Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau is perhaps the biggest name to use socks in this way, choosing pointedly themed ones for public occasions. Or a telling insight into a political mind: Boris Johnson was criticised recently for not washing his lucky unisex socks, emblazoned with a ruler of the Neo-Assyrian empire King Ashurbanipal, often enough.


To this, the answer is a definite: Yes. But again, make clear it is deliberate. As the sock-styling expert and Man Repeller journalist Harling Ross has noted, explicit coordination makes it clear that any unusual use of accessories is intentional. If you’re feeling a bit hesitant, see the sophisticated version of the sports socks and sandals look as touted at the most recent Agnona show. Socks were paired with sandals of the same shade or just a little different; a subtler way to dip a toe. Or, one step up: look to the styling of duck-egg-blue socks with navy-blue sandals at spring/summer 2020 Sies Marjan menswear show.
Where is a fiver best spent on socks?
“Asos has a great selection of mens socks for decent prices,” says Shaw. Calzedonia has spotty, fishnet and preppy Argyle styles galore. A supermarket pair of white cotton socks plus some dye and string will allow you to make your own take on the tie-dye sock trend. While if it’s volume over style points you’re after, you can’t beat a seven-pack of cotton-blend navy socks from M&S. EVB


The same place as cloakroom tickets, lighters and USB phone leads: thin air. There are, however, practical ways to curtail your lost-socks quota. Don’t bung them in with all your other laundry, that’s how they get irrevocably separated and, despite best intentions, post-wash pairing just doesn’t happen. Instead, do a separate women socks-and-underwear laundry load and invest in an octopus drying contraption to drip-dry them and prepare to pair with no stragglers. Simples #socksgoals. 

An eye-catching, large format display typically used for restaurant menu boards, movie posters, and trade show displays, the advertising backlit film is also sometimes known as a light box display. It’s basically an image printed on film and placed on a frame with a light inside. Doing this makes the photo or image more noticeable and appealing. There are, of course, various materials and processes used to make these backlit displays but at SLB Printing, we do it the eco-friendly way.

By focusing on using environmentally-sound consumable materials and processes. When we print our backlit films, we use high-quality, recyclable HP Backlit Polyester Film. This matte-finish material is water resistant and can be laminated, which makes it more durable and longer-lasting even for outdoor use. Because they’re recyclable and from HP, these reverse print backlit film 125 micro are also eligible for HP’s free recycling service, a project that helps reduce environmental impact. In addition to using recyclable film, we also use eco-friendly latex inks from HP. In fact, these water-based inks were not only recognized by the Business Equipment Research & Test Laboratories (BERTL) as the “Best Innovaion in Environmentally Friendly Inks” but they’re safe to use without special ventilation, too. This means that they won’t adversely affect our health. As for our printing process, the ink and films go through our large-format eco-friendly printers. The printers we use are very energy-efficient and contain parts that are either recyclable or reusable. But don’t think that all this energy saving means we work slower. The printers we use are performers and we are as well.


environment, our staff, our businesses and our clients. With so much wastage and pollution all over these days, it seems like a shame to squander any opportunity to “go green”. After all, even the smallest positive change we make can contribute to saving our planet or just making it a cleaner, more sustainable place to live. One change you can do as a business owner is to consider environmentally-friendly printing services. If you’re planning on advertising your products, you really can’t go wrong with reverse print backlit film 150 micro and going about it with a smaller carbon footprint is even better.



When selecting a inkjet printing reverse backlit film for your wide format inkjet backlit application, you will primarily be concerned with the amount of red and blue. For a whiter appearance, you will want the 'b' value to have lower negative value and for a warmer appearance, you will be looking for the yellow to have a higher positive value.
Backlit signs for businesses are large format color graphics illuminated from behind by a light source (mostly by LED lights today).



Large backlit signs are vivid and durable when printed on translucent reverse print backlit film for light box using high-resolution latex ink printing, whcih is specifically designed for backlit sign applications. This method of printing produces very bright signage. They are full of depth and have more detail and clarity than other printing methods or ink choices.